My three older brothers and I are what are known as Indos.
Indos are people of Indonesian and Dutch heritage. Although we are largely
Dutch and Indonesian, because of Indonesia’s history there are some Indos that
are also German, Turkish, Indian, Japanese, Portuguese and Spanish or any
number of combinations. We are spread out all over the world. Interestingly we
are rather chameleon-like, we can blend into many ethnic groups and go
relatively unnoticed. The history of the people known as Indos is not very well
known. But in order to tell you my story, I need to give you a bit of Indo
history.
My friend and fellow Indo and co-founder of The Indo Project Inc., Priscilla, has provided me with a
lot of information to help me “wade” through the vast history of WWII Asia and more specifically Indonesia. She
reminds me that an Asian Holocaust occurred. She reminds me that over
23,000,000 people were killed in Asia during WWII and yet the
information that is readily available on the subject is rather limited.
Europeans began arriving in Indonesia in the 16th
century in pursuit of spices, thus the name The Spice Islands and also known as
The Dutch East Indies. Long before however, as early as the 8th century
Muslim traders began spreading Islam and by the 13th century when
Marco Polo arrived Islamic states were strongly established. In the 1500’s the
Portuguese began to trade Indonesian spices that were used for cooking as well
as food preservation but were also thought to cure disease. The Dutch however
took over the trade and established a spice monopoly. The Dutch for the most
part gained rule over Indonesia although a native rebellion began as early as
1825. During WWII the Dutch under German occupation were powerless against the
Japanese and by 1942 the Dutch surrendered Indonesia to Japanese occupation.
Initially the Indonesian people thankful to be relieved of the Dutch, welcomed
the Japanese referring to Japan as its older brother.
After four years of the brutal Japanese Occupation of
Indonesia on August 15, 1945 the Japanese surrendered to the Allies but were
asked to maintain “charge” of Indonesia under the Allied forces arrived. The Dutch seemingly not having gained much
empathy after the German occupation of The Netherlands returned to Indonesia
for what they referred to as “Reconstruction”. This also marked the beginning of the Bersiap period. Indonesian Independence leaders began to take
control of positions left by Japanese leaders and violence against Indos began. Indos routinely disappeared and were later
found floating in canals. By the end of
the Bersiap period, 20,000 Indo men, women and children were abducted and never
returned home.
By 1949 the Indonesian Independence Movement led by
President Sukarno was successful in regaining control of Indonesia and
eventually all Dutch Nationals were expelled from Indonesia. Upon expulsion
most Indos went to The Netherlands where they were not necessarily welcomed by
the Dutch. Fortunately for people like my family there were refugee programs
sponsored by organizations like Church World services and many had the
opportunity to come to the US.
I’m often really envious when I learn about Indo immigrants that
landed in places like California where there was a community of other Indos or
at least other Asians. My parents and two older brothers immigrated to
Kansas….rural Kansas. My Dutch father who was serving in the Royal Dutch Army
volunteered to go to Indonesia after WWII for “Reconstruction” or what I now
understand to have been “Re-colonization”.
He had recently been liberated from a work camp in Germany and I imagine
that venturing into a vast world without confines confirmed his freedom. Upon
arriving in Indonesia, my father not only fell in love with my Indonesian
mother, he fell in love with Indonesia. I think that my rather socially awkward
father found a place that he felt he belonged, in Indonesia. He would have happily
lived out his life in Indonesia had he, my mother and my two brothers not been
expelled from the country.
The Netherlands felt claustrophobic to my father after
living in Indonesia and of course the economic conditions were less than ideal.
When the Church of the Brethren offered sponsorship to my family the idea of
going to Kansas seemed like a great idea. If my father imagined grassy plains
and wide open space, he imagined right. He might not have imagined a landscape
dotted with small farms, the beautiful tree covered rolling hills, the lazy
lakes or the rushing creeks of northeastern Kansas. He probably also never
imagined that although his Caucasian features would allow him to “blend right
in” his wife and children would be sort of an oddity.
We were an oddity. At some point my father decided to start
buying land and he and my mother bought a white farm house with a dairy barn.
He had a romantic idea about farming so he bought a tractor and some cows.
Although I don’t really remember the story firsthand, the first day he took the
tractor out in the field it broke down and never moved again. At some point in
the late sixties, my brothers, experimenting with, Peace, Love and the Age of
Awakening, painted the tractor bright orange. The cows often succumbed to the
idea that “the grass is always greener on
the other side of the fence” and frequently succeeded in an effective “jail
break” to sample the fare on the neighbors land, as a result there was a lot of
emergency fence mending, usually in the middle of the night. The idea of
farming did not last long. Fortunately for all of us, my father did not quit
his day job.
My parents kept the land and rented it out to local farmers.
It served as a beautiful part of my childhood. For me the land my parents owned
became an extension of our garden and a huge wonderland for untroubled play and
exploration. At a very young age I would venture off into the wooded property,
take my shoes off and wade in the cool water, catch crayfish in my hands and
stage crayfish races and other amphibious, athletic feats in the mud.
Occasionally I would encounter a snake, sometimes venomous and run to the
safety of my home not to return to the woods again until the image of the snake
was dulled by time.
I don’t think I knew until I was nearly 12 that there were a
lot of Indo people like me roaming the earth. I was comforted by that
knowledge. I imagined that somewhere in the world there might be a girl like
me, eating satay with cucumbers and peanut sauce with rice in the middle of a
prairie. In the 1970’s beauty and
glamour were defined in my adolescent eyes by the women that I saw on magazine
covers and television series. Those women were Cheryl Tiegs, Farrah Faucet and
Cheryl Ladd. I looked nothing like those women and neither did my mother. The
American stereotype of an “Asian woman” was a meek, subservient woman…that
wasn’t me either.
To date the only other Indos I have ever seen in real life
are my brothers and our children. The Internet has introduced me to other Indos
who have filled in a lot of the “empty blanks” in my life. You have no idea how
reassuring it is to know that sambal, ( a hot pepper paste used as a condiment)
is a staple in other people’s homes or to know that there are others who
believe that a house is not complete without a barong (a hand carved mask, that
is rather fierce looking) to ward off evil spirits. The truth however is that I
search through all of their photos of the early days in Indonesia hoping to
find a glimpse of my mother. I keep hoping that through some strange synchronicity,
I will find that one of their father’s knew mine as children in Amsterdam. Some
of those “blanks” are still empty.
There do seem to be some of us, like my brothers, who don’t
seem to need the confirmation that Indo groups offer. One of my brothers does
not have one symbol of our ethnicity in his home. While the other two proudly
display wood carvings and other artwork perhaps as an appreciation for art more
than for what it symbolizes. For me the hand carved wooden sculptures and
masks, although appreciated for their artisan quality, are a reflection of
something I carry within me. It is something that is deep and primal that makes
me feel connected to my ancestors for whom the works were not only art but part
of a belief system. The tiny wooden shoes and whimsical delft blue canisters in
my office or orange Holland scarf hanging in my closet are symbols of my Dutch
pride and allegiance to my father’s country. I need these symbols in my life to
give me balance, to remind me of who I am and from where I came.
As a parent I recognize the responsibility that I have to
share my history with my children and yet I realize that the symbols with which
I surround myself are not enough. My beautiful, American husband has perfected
his satay recipe and I make a mean batch of Nasi Goreng, it is comfort food for
my children, this also is not enough. We live in a culture in which
multi-ethnicity is becoming the norm. Our Indo children have representations of
other people of mixed ethnicity in the media and in film. There will not
desperately seek out the comfort of the familiarity that I have sought. The
people that have created groups and publications to bring us together are truly
heroes but each of us has to keep our story alive by telling our stories,
honoring our history and like the siblings who have shared our journey holding
tight to one another.